Unit 1 - Topic 1.2 Learning Outcomes

● Distinguish between the four major classes of microscopy: bright-field light microscopy, fluorescence light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)● Discuss the major advantages and limitations of each of the four major classes of microscopy● Understand the difference between magnification and resolution, and how each can be used to identify the type of microscopy used● Recognize the major organelles in light and electron micrographs● Predict the type of microscopy that can be used to detect and study cellular components based on their size and functional aspect being studied.● Interpret the results in micrographs based on scale, magnification, resolution, and plane of section

UNIT 1 CONTENT REVIEW QUESTIONS 

TOPIC 1.1 - EUKARYOTIC CELLS AND ORGANELLESa) Define the following terms and determine which ones might be synonyms of each other (1):● Cytoplasm● Cytosol● Biological Component ● Membrane Bound Organelle● Nucleoplasm● Cell● Organelle● Cellular structureb) Make a list of all the organelles that you already know and their functions. Find a friend to compare with and see if your lists match up (1).c) List all of the cellular structures that are unique to either plants or animals and their functions (2).d) Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (2)e) Would you consider chloroplasts and mitochondria to be prokaryotes or eukaryotes? why? (3)
TOPIC 1.2 - MICROSCOPYa) Compare and contrast the 4 different types of microscopy (bright-field, fluorescence, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy (3). Think about them in the following parameters:● Source of images (i.e. photons vs electrons, emitted versus transmitted)● Path of particle through the microscope to produce image (make a rough sketch)● Sample preparation● Major advantages and disadvantages of each kind of microscopy● Tricks for recognizing micrographs produced by each type of microscopy that you could use on the examb) Find a really good website that showcases micrographs from the different types of microscopes and share it on your lecture discussion board (1). Then look through this (and other) websites to find examples of different organelles that you listed in the questions above. Try and find examples of images in multiple different types of microscopy (2)c) What determines the resolution of a microscope? Why is resolution more important at high magnifications?d) Explain how indirect immunofluorescence works (2)e) What are the advantages of using GFP instead of more traditional fluorescent staining techniques (1) How does it work? (2)f) What is the primary reason for the resolution limits in light microscopy that electron microscopy was developed to overcome? (2)g) What is the very smallest thing that scientists have visualized using light microscopy? What about electron microscopy? How does the size of this 'thing' match up with what you know about that microscopes' resolution limits? (3)h) Optical physicists have pushed the boundaries of light microscopy beyond what should be possible. Based on what we know about the wavelengths of visible light, see if you can figure out how 'super resolution' light microscopy works ( you will have to search online resources for answers to this) (3+ extra challenging)